Our society boasts about how thoroughly we have been freed from the superstitions of religion by science and technology, but the presence of paranormal subjects in the movies and in the programming on TV continues to haunt the realm of entertainment. What is up with that? How, in such a technological and savvy global culture, can interest in the paranormal remain so strong?
____
This is not unusual; we have seen resurgence in interest in the realm of "the mysterious" numerous times in the last two hundred years. It was very strong in the Victorian Age, it was very strong during the Great Depression, it was very strong in the later in the 1960s, and it is very strong right now. In the Victorian age it produced a spiritual awakening, not only in the world in the area of spiritualism, but in the church as well, and so these two strains of spiritual pursuits have often walked hand in hand.
____
The interest in the paranormal is almost normal for our culture. I have heard many people make fun of cultures in less "developed" countries for allowing superstitions to influence and guide their lives, but are we any less superstitious than they? It is a question worth asking, especially when politicians and powerful leaders in our nation consult astrologers and mediums before they make decisions or act on important matters of state. How are we any different than the Roman leaders when they sacrificed animals to pagan deities and then examined their entrails to determine when and how to go to war? It begs the question whether there are any "developed" nations at all.
____
Before the Enlightenment, during the Reformation and Renaissance, the Catholic Church had been dealt heavy blows to its credibility and authority. From the challenges of Martin Luther all the way to discoveries of Galileo, the Catholic Church lost its exclusive hold on the culture. They rallied with a Counter Reformation and an Inquisition, but nothing could stop the slide of European societies away from the authoritarian stranglehold of the Church. This was good in some senses but it also opened up gnarly questions about issues of truth and spiritual guidance.
____
After the Enlightenment, when all forms of religion and supernaturalism were nearly banned from France, it affected the rest of Europe and America as well. In that process a spiritual vacuum was created. Where once churches filled the place of truth and spiritual guidance, now no institution could seriously claim that place of privilege with any final authority. Those days faded the moment the Protestant Reformation began.
____
Religion, that is Christianity, was nearly swept out of France altogether, but that did not mean (as some foolishly thought) that people would cease to be interested in spirituality; quite the contrary. A thirst for the supernatural, much to the chagrin of the intelligencia, remained deeply imbedded in the general population. Not everyone was as "liberated" and as "enlightened" as the intellectual fathers of the French Enlightenment. The result of the loss of spiritual leadership and its resultant cultural vacuum in the public sector eventually produced a movement called Spiritualism, which took many forms, not just in France, but particularly in England. A look at this phenomenon produces curious discoveries. Not only did this vacuum reveal an interest in the supernatural, but that vacuum was filled up with all sorts of teachings and experimentation with spirits, specters, ghosts, and the ability to communicate with the dead. It produced a fascination about witches, magic, and fairies too. One famous example of this is the beloved Dickens story, A Christmas Carol.
____
Here we have Dickens showing the shallowness of the Enlightenment ideals through Mr. Scrooge. He typifies result of those horrific effects on humanity, via the Industrial Revolution, within the context of English society.
____
Scrooge talks to ghosts, and is thereby brought to his senses (interesting in itself), and ultimately to a very Christian kind of redemption. Not all "supernaturalism" led directly to the devil, as some might fear. Some of it, especially in this case with Charles Dickens, led back to church, to Christ and to salvation.
____
In this, the Englishman's (Dickens) spirituality differs from the French forms of his era. In England it is still possible to believe in the Christian ideal, but not so much in France. This is a very curious phenomenon, and I would love to comment more on this point, and I may do that in a later blog if there is interest by readers for me to do that.
____
____
This is not unusual; we have seen resurgence in interest in the realm of "the mysterious" numerous times in the last two hundred years. It was very strong in the Victorian Age, it was very strong during the Great Depression, it was very strong in the later in the 1960s, and it is very strong right now. In the Victorian age it produced a spiritual awakening, not only in the world in the area of spiritualism, but in the church as well, and so these two strains of spiritual pursuits have often walked hand in hand.
____
The interest in the paranormal is almost normal for our culture. I have heard many people make fun of cultures in less "developed" countries for allowing superstitions to influence and guide their lives, but are we any less superstitious than they? It is a question worth asking, especially when politicians and powerful leaders in our nation consult astrologers and mediums before they make decisions or act on important matters of state. How are we any different than the Roman leaders when they sacrificed animals to pagan deities and then examined their entrails to determine when and how to go to war? It begs the question whether there are any "developed" nations at all.
____
Before the Enlightenment, during the Reformation and Renaissance, the Catholic Church had been dealt heavy blows to its credibility and authority. From the challenges of Martin Luther all the way to discoveries of Galileo, the Catholic Church lost its exclusive hold on the culture. They rallied with a Counter Reformation and an Inquisition, but nothing could stop the slide of European societies away from the authoritarian stranglehold of the Church. This was good in some senses but it also opened up gnarly questions about issues of truth and spiritual guidance.
____
After the Enlightenment, when all forms of religion and supernaturalism were nearly banned from France, it affected the rest of Europe and America as well. In that process a spiritual vacuum was created. Where once churches filled the place of truth and spiritual guidance, now no institution could seriously claim that place of privilege with any final authority. Those days faded the moment the Protestant Reformation began.
____
Religion, that is Christianity, was nearly swept out of France altogether, but that did not mean (as some foolishly thought) that people would cease to be interested in spirituality; quite the contrary. A thirst for the supernatural, much to the chagrin of the intelligencia, remained deeply imbedded in the general population. Not everyone was as "liberated" and as "enlightened" as the intellectual fathers of the French Enlightenment. The result of the loss of spiritual leadership and its resultant cultural vacuum in the public sector eventually produced a movement called Spiritualism, which took many forms, not just in France, but particularly in England. A look at this phenomenon produces curious discoveries. Not only did this vacuum reveal an interest in the supernatural, but that vacuum was filled up with all sorts of teachings and experimentation with spirits, specters, ghosts, and the ability to communicate with the dead. It produced a fascination about witches, magic, and fairies too. One famous example of this is the beloved Dickens story, A Christmas Carol.
____
Here we have Dickens showing the shallowness of the Enlightenment ideals through Mr. Scrooge. He typifies result of those horrific effects on humanity, via the Industrial Revolution, within the context of English society.
____
Scrooge talks to ghosts, and is thereby brought to his senses (interesting in itself), and ultimately to a very Christian kind of redemption. Not all "supernaturalism" led directly to the devil, as some might fear. Some of it, especially in this case with Charles Dickens, led back to church, to Christ and to salvation.
____
In this, the Englishman's (Dickens) spirituality differs from the French forms of his era. In England it is still possible to believe in the Christian ideal, but not so much in France. This is a very curious phenomenon, and I would love to comment more on this point, and I may do that in a later blog if there is interest by readers for me to do that.
____
I would only give you a hint that the same possibility of turning a populist interest in supernaturalism toward Christ rather than toward the devil can work in the context of New Age ideas too. It may be possible to turn the general postmodern openness to the spiritual and paranormal "realities" toward Christ in a redeeming way. I think it is not only possible, but it may be the only truly beneficial direction it can be turned. Ministers, rather than fearing and denouncing postmodern spirituality, might do well to reconsider the benefits such interests create for the possibility of dialogue. Of course, dogmatists won't get this, they never do. But those who are alive with the Spirit will quickly understand this concept.
____
The interest in fairies and spirits of the earth has been around since the dawn of pagan mythology, but these ideas surged up again during the Victorian age. As noted, I believe that happened because it was a "safe" non-dogmatic kind of generic happy spirituality that became available to the masses at a time when they were spiritually curious. It satisfied the masses' thirst for something spiritual without the heavy moral baggage of religion. In a video link to YouTube (below) I have given you access to a painting by Richard Dadd, called the Fairy Feller's Master Stroke, which has been updated with a song by Queen. It is entirely entertaining, profound and humorous. This is a kind of proof that the fascination with fairies and such things is with us for some time to come.
____
We all know that the Age of Enlightenment produced the Industrial Revolution, and in the midst of those revolutionary movements, we have a corresponding deluge of interest in the occult and in spiritual subjects. These two things are linked together. But here is a very interesting thing to consider, there was also a spiritual awakening within the Protestant churches at the same time.
____
At the end of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century, there was a spiritual-earthquake that shook the Western world. Its ripples continue out to us today - but instead of those ripples growing weaker and farther apart as they move outward from the epicenter (the French Enlightenment), it appears like they are growing larger, as does a tsunami when it reaches the shore.
____
There are many similarities and some significant differences between the belief in and experience of the supernatural since the Enlightenment. Some of those are the inclusion of women in the role of spiritual guide. In séances and spiritualist meetings, women were thought to be the more sensitive mediums. In the development of Post-Industrial society, the women's movement gained greater and greater momentum, as did the inclusion of disenfranchised peoples in society and marginalized individuals, such as bohemians, transcendentalists and other "free" thinkers.
____
It is an irony that in the spiritual Protestant awakening in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, women also began to enjoy greater respect and inclusion in the spiritual life of the church; the Reform church and the Baptist churches notwithstanding. It was not only the spiritualist movements like Christian Science, Theosophy, Spiritualism, and séances that sported women proponents, but so did the new Christian movements. The Evangelist Charles Finney championed not only Abolishionist Issues, but Women's Issues too.
____
The newer denominations from branches of the Wesleyan line, Nazarene churches, Holiness churches and the growth of the Pentecostal churches (both black and white), all permitted women to participate in ways they had not been allowed in previous generations. Modernism produced some unexpected twists for spiritual communities, and that resulted in benefits for women within communities of faith. All of these events helped create the foundations of Postmodernism because each played its part by creating openness to new spiritual ideas. Once the central place of Catholic authority had been removed, anything was possible, in any direction.
____
Once religion and spirituality had to compete on equal terms with other ideas in the marketplace, it made new spiritual commodities possible (if we can call them comodities). Now, one's spiritual wares will remain viable in the market place only if the product offered is perceived as credibly meeting personal needs in a way that other options cannot. This trend toward interest in the supernatural continues today, and is a subject worthy of our study. The Postmodern view includes all sorts of possibilities and perspectives once thought unthinkable in a modernist mindset; a mindset which was predominantly empirical.
____
Postmodernism is, by contrast, existential; that is, experiential in nature. A Postmodernist might consider data and empirical information, but emotions and personal perceptions are every bit as authoritative as is empirical data. This is problematical for scientific methodology, yet even good scientists are often swayed by Postmodern sentiments.
____
Another nineteenth century example is the philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, who made a tremendous case for the necessity of an existential approach to faith. Unfortunately, errors of which Kierkegaard is not guilty are sometimes laid at his feet. His approach to personal spirituality placed an emphasis on the experiential "leap of faith" from the heart rather than the intellectual assent to knowledge. It was the heart not the head, that is required for one to embrace the things of the Spirit -- or anything supernatural.
____
An over-simplified Kierkegaardianism works for just about any kind of supernaturalism, which is helpful in some cases and not so much in other cases. Kierkegaard himself would not approve of the way his ideas have been kidnapped. He was a Christian through and through, but his ideas, which were intended to speak to the issues of Christian faith, have been torn from their settings and made to apply to any and every experience of life -- spiritual or not. This degrading of his ideas was an unfortunate development. Many books have been written on an existential approach to spirituality, and perhaps, one day, I will write one too, but suffice it to say that interest and belief in the supernatural, paranormal, ghosts, specters, fairies, and spirits of all kinds is here to stay. Science has not stamped it out, The Enlightenment has not quelled our hunger for spiritual experiences, and, for better or worse, these curiosities are part of our permanent cultural/spiritual landscape.
____
It is, in my estimation that -- and not mine only -- that "God shaped void" within us, described by Paul Tillich, cannot be satisfied with a purely naturalistic explanation of the universe. We feel deep within our being that there must be something more to the world than can be explained by science. Never was that more obvious than it is on TV and in movies today.
____
Is it the angst produced by Modernism that fuels Postmodernism? Is it the notion that matter is all that exists the force that provokes our desire for "more" than a material reality?
____
Whatever it is, the desire for spiritual things is basic to our nature. We not only want to believe . . . we do believe that there is more to the universe than meets the eye. How we go about satisfying our hunger for spiritual things may be dramatically different than our neighbor's method, but the essential thing is the same, that is, we believe there is something "out there," and we want to make contact with it, even if it scars the bejeebers out of us.
____
Finally, I will make a kind of BFO (blinding flash of the obvious) prediction. If it is true that a general curiosity about the supernatural can (and has in the past) produced an attraction to the gospel, and if it is true that such an interest has always been accompanied by an outpouring of God's spirit (which it can be demonstrated that it has), then it is not too much of a stretch to see that the current interest in the paranormal, and such things, will be also accompanied by the Spirit in our present time. What we can expect, without a shadow of a doubt is that a fresh outpouring of grace and power is not far off. It only requires people who will open up to it.
____
Those who understand this will prepare themselves to receive that mysterious move of God that will transcend the present materialistic preoccupation of the churches. Those who don't understand this will baulk and resist that move of the Spirit, just like a certain churches resisted the work of the Spirit in previous generations. As for me, I don't want to miss this next move of God, and you can bet money on the fact that it WILL come. If not through me, then perhaps through you, but if not through us, then it will come through someone else. The one thing that is certain, though, is that it will come from somewhere, and I pray it comes soon.
____
I wonder what will become of those ministers and congregations, those institutions and groups who miss it? I want to be prepared. Will it come as a rushing mighty wind or a soft and gentle breeze? Only God knows. But however it comes, it will come in a form we least expect, and it will be a form that is perfect for the age in which we live. My prayer is that I am ready to receive it. How about you?
____
NOTE: Here is that cool YouTube short about Richard Dadd's "Fairy Feller's Master Stroke," a sample of non-traditional spiritual ideas in mid-nineteenth century England. Check it out. It might amuse you. Cheers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoRaXAK2RCY
____
The interest in fairies and spirits of the earth has been around since the dawn of pagan mythology, but these ideas surged up again during the Victorian age. As noted, I believe that happened because it was a "safe" non-dogmatic kind of generic happy spirituality that became available to the masses at a time when they were spiritually curious. It satisfied the masses' thirst for something spiritual without the heavy moral baggage of religion. In a video link to YouTube (below) I have given you access to a painting by Richard Dadd, called the Fairy Feller's Master Stroke, which has been updated with a song by Queen. It is entirely entertaining, profound and humorous. This is a kind of proof that the fascination with fairies and such things is with us for some time to come.
____
We all know that the Age of Enlightenment produced the Industrial Revolution, and in the midst of those revolutionary movements, we have a corresponding deluge of interest in the occult and in spiritual subjects. These two things are linked together. But here is a very interesting thing to consider, there was also a spiritual awakening within the Protestant churches at the same time.
____
At the end of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century, there was a spiritual-earthquake that shook the Western world. Its ripples continue out to us today - but instead of those ripples growing weaker and farther apart as they move outward from the epicenter (the French Enlightenment), it appears like they are growing larger, as does a tsunami when it reaches the shore.
____
There are many similarities and some significant differences between the belief in and experience of the supernatural since the Enlightenment. Some of those are the inclusion of women in the role of spiritual guide. In séances and spiritualist meetings, women were thought to be the more sensitive mediums. In the development of Post-Industrial society, the women's movement gained greater and greater momentum, as did the inclusion of disenfranchised peoples in society and marginalized individuals, such as bohemians, transcendentalists and other "free" thinkers.
____
It is an irony that in the spiritual Protestant awakening in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, women also began to enjoy greater respect and inclusion in the spiritual life of the church; the Reform church and the Baptist churches notwithstanding. It was not only the spiritualist movements like Christian Science, Theosophy, Spiritualism, and séances that sported women proponents, but so did the new Christian movements. The Evangelist Charles Finney championed not only Abolishionist Issues, but Women's Issues too.
____
The newer denominations from branches of the Wesleyan line, Nazarene churches, Holiness churches and the growth of the Pentecostal churches (both black and white), all permitted women to participate in ways they had not been allowed in previous generations. Modernism produced some unexpected twists for spiritual communities, and that resulted in benefits for women within communities of faith. All of these events helped create the foundations of Postmodernism because each played its part by creating openness to new spiritual ideas. Once the central place of Catholic authority had been removed, anything was possible, in any direction.
____
Once religion and spirituality had to compete on equal terms with other ideas in the marketplace, it made new spiritual commodities possible (if we can call them comodities). Now, one's spiritual wares will remain viable in the market place only if the product offered is perceived as credibly meeting personal needs in a way that other options cannot. This trend toward interest in the supernatural continues today, and is a subject worthy of our study. The Postmodern view includes all sorts of possibilities and perspectives once thought unthinkable in a modernist mindset; a mindset which was predominantly empirical.
____
Postmodernism is, by contrast, existential; that is, experiential in nature. A Postmodernist might consider data and empirical information, but emotions and personal perceptions are every bit as authoritative as is empirical data. This is problematical for scientific methodology, yet even good scientists are often swayed by Postmodern sentiments.
____
Another nineteenth century example is the philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, who made a tremendous case for the necessity of an existential approach to faith. Unfortunately, errors of which Kierkegaard is not guilty are sometimes laid at his feet. His approach to personal spirituality placed an emphasis on the experiential "leap of faith" from the heart rather than the intellectual assent to knowledge. It was the heart not the head, that is required for one to embrace the things of the Spirit -- or anything supernatural.
____
An over-simplified Kierkegaardianism works for just about any kind of supernaturalism, which is helpful in some cases and not so much in other cases. Kierkegaard himself would not approve of the way his ideas have been kidnapped. He was a Christian through and through, but his ideas, which were intended to speak to the issues of Christian faith, have been torn from their settings and made to apply to any and every experience of life -- spiritual or not. This degrading of his ideas was an unfortunate development. Many books have been written on an existential approach to spirituality, and perhaps, one day, I will write one too, but suffice it to say that interest and belief in the supernatural, paranormal, ghosts, specters, fairies, and spirits of all kinds is here to stay. Science has not stamped it out, The Enlightenment has not quelled our hunger for spiritual experiences, and, for better or worse, these curiosities are part of our permanent cultural/spiritual landscape.
____
It is, in my estimation that -- and not mine only -- that "God shaped void" within us, described by Paul Tillich, cannot be satisfied with a purely naturalistic explanation of the universe. We feel deep within our being that there must be something more to the world than can be explained by science. Never was that more obvious than it is on TV and in movies today.
____
Is it the angst produced by Modernism that fuels Postmodernism? Is it the notion that matter is all that exists the force that provokes our desire for "more" than a material reality?
____
Whatever it is, the desire for spiritual things is basic to our nature. We not only want to believe . . . we do believe that there is more to the universe than meets the eye. How we go about satisfying our hunger for spiritual things may be dramatically different than our neighbor's method, but the essential thing is the same, that is, we believe there is something "out there," and we want to make contact with it, even if it scars the bejeebers out of us.
____
Finally, I will make a kind of BFO (blinding flash of the obvious) prediction. If it is true that a general curiosity about the supernatural can (and has in the past) produced an attraction to the gospel, and if it is true that such an interest has always been accompanied by an outpouring of God's spirit (which it can be demonstrated that it has), then it is not too much of a stretch to see that the current interest in the paranormal, and such things, will be also accompanied by the Spirit in our present time. What we can expect, without a shadow of a doubt is that a fresh outpouring of grace and power is not far off. It only requires people who will open up to it.
____
Those who understand this will prepare themselves to receive that mysterious move of God that will transcend the present materialistic preoccupation of the churches. Those who don't understand this will baulk and resist that move of the Spirit, just like a certain churches resisted the work of the Spirit in previous generations. As for me, I don't want to miss this next move of God, and you can bet money on the fact that it WILL come. If not through me, then perhaps through you, but if not through us, then it will come through someone else. The one thing that is certain, though, is that it will come from somewhere, and I pray it comes soon.
____
I wonder what will become of those ministers and congregations, those institutions and groups who miss it? I want to be prepared. Will it come as a rushing mighty wind or a soft and gentle breeze? Only God knows. But however it comes, it will come in a form we least expect, and it will be a form that is perfect for the age in which we live. My prayer is that I am ready to receive it. How about you?
____
NOTE: Here is that cool YouTube short about Richard Dadd's "Fairy Feller's Master Stroke," a sample of non-traditional spiritual ideas in mid-nineteenth century England. Check it out. It might amuse you. Cheers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoRaXAK2RCY
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